SPSS统计分析基础教程

SPSS统计分析基础教程

ISBN：7-04-015855-8
主编：张文彤（复旦大学）
闫 洁（博塔（中国）有限公司）
出版社：高等教育出版社
出版日期：2004年9月 第1版
定价：32元
目 录



第一部分 数据管理与软件入门



第一章 数据分析概述与软件入门········································································

1.1 SPSS软件概述..................................................................................................

1.1.1 软件的基本特点............................................................................................................................ 公卫论坛

1.1.2 SPSS的Client/Server结构............................................................................................................

1.1.3 SPSS的模块式结构....................................................................................................................... 公卫考场

1.1.4 SPSS的安装...................................................................................................................................

1.2 SPSS操作入门..................................................................................................

1.2.1 SPSS软件的启动与退出...............................................................................................................

1.2.2 SPSS的五个窗口........................................................................................................................... 公卫家园

1.2.3 SPSS的四种运行方式...................................................................................................................

1.2.4 SPSS的四种结果输出................................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

1.2.5 SPSS的帮助系统...........................................................................................................................

1.3 数据分析概述.................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

1.3.1 数据分析方法论介绍....................................................................................................................

1.3.2 SPSS系列产品对数据分析流程的支持....................................................................................... 公卫百科

1.3.3 本书内容介绍................................................................................................................................

第二章 数据录入与数据获取················································································

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2.1 数据格式概述....................................................................................................

2.1.1 统计软件中数据的录入格式........................................................................................................ 公卫家园

2.1.2 变量属性介绍................................................................................................................................

2.2 数据的直接录入................................................................................................ 公卫考场

2.2.1 操作界面说明................................................................................................................................

2.2.2 开放题和简单单选题的录入........................................................................................................

2.2.3 多选题的录入................................................................................................................................

2.3 外部数据的获取................................................................................................ 公卫人

2.3.1 电子表格数据如何导入SPSS中..................................................................................................

2.3.2 文本数据如何导入SPSS中..........................................................................................................

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2.3.3 数据库格式数据如何导入SPSS中..............................................................................................

2.4 数据的保存....................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

2.4.1 存为SPSS格式..............................................................................................................................

2.4.2 存为其他数据格式........................................................................................................................

第三章 数据管理····································································································

3.1 变量级别的数据管理.........................................................................................

3.1.1 计算新变量....................................................................................................................................

3.1.2 对变量值进行分组合并................................................................................................................ 公卫百科

3.1.3 连续变量的可视化分段................................................................................................................

3.1.4 将字符变量转换为数值变量........................................................................................................ 公卫论坛

3.1.5 变量的编秩....................................................................................................................................

3.1.6 Transform菜单中的其他功能...................................................................................................... 公卫百科

3.2 文件级别的数据管理（一）...............................................................................

3.2.1 记录排序........................................................................................................................................

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3.2.2 记录拆分........................................................................................................................................

3.2.3 记录筛选........................................................................................................................................

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3.2.4 记录加权........................................................................................................................................

3.2.5 数据汇总........................................................................................................................................

3.3 文件级别的数据管理（二）...............................................................................

3.3.1 数据字典的定义与应用................................................................................................................ 公卫考场

3.3.2 查找重复记录................................................................................................................................

3.3.3 数据文件的重新排列与转置........................................................................................................

3.3.4 多个数据文件的合并....................................................................................................................



第二部分 统计描述与统计图表



第四章 连续变量的统计描述与参数估计
4.1 连续变量的统计描述概述..................................................................................

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4.1.1 统计描述中可用的工具................................................................................................................

4.1.2 连续变量的统计描述指标体系.................................................................................................... 公卫百科

4.1.3 SPSS中的相应功能.......................................................................................................................

4.2 集中趋势的描述指标.........................................................................................

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4.2.1 算术均数........................................................................................................................................

4.2.2 中位数............................................................................................................................................

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4.2.3 其他集中趋势描述指标................................................................................................................

4.3 离散趋势的描述指标.........................................................................................

4.3.1 全距................................................................................................................................................

4.3.2 方差和标准差................................................................................................................................

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4.3.3 百分位数、四分位数与四分位间距............................................................................................

4.3.4 变异系数........................................................................................................................................ 公卫百科

4.4 连续变量统计描述实例......................................................................................

4.4.1 数据背景介绍................................................................................................................................ 公卫人

4.4.2 使用Explorer过程进行分析.........................................................................................................

4.4.3 使用其它过程进行分析................................................................................................................ 公卫家园

4.5 连续变量的参数估计.........................................................................................

4.5.1 正态分布........................................................................................................................................

4.5.2 参数的点估计................................................................................................................................

4.5.3 参数的区间估计............................................................................................................................

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第五章 分类变量的统计描述与参数估计····························································

5.1 分类变量的统计描述概述..................................................................................

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5.1.1 分类变量的统计描述指标体系....................................................................................................

5.1.2 分类变量的联合描述....................................................................................................................

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5.1.3 SPSS中的相应功能.......................................................................................................................

5.2 分类变量统计描述实例...................................................................................... 公卫考场

5.2.1 使用Frequencies过程输出频数表...............................................................................................

5.2.2 使用Crosstabs过程输出列联表..................................................................................................

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5.3 多选题的统计描述.............................................................................................

5.3.1 多选题的描述指标体系................................................................................................................

5.3.2 分析实例........................................................................................................................................

5.4 分类变量的参数估计......................................................................................... 公卫百科

5.4.1 二项分布的参数估计....................................................................................................................

5.4.2 其他分布类型简介........................................................................................................................

第六章 数据的报表呈现（上）············································································

6.1 SPSS报表概述.................................................................................................. 公卫论坛

6.1.1 SPSS中的报表功能.......................................................................................................................

6.1.2 报表的基本绘制步骤.................................................................................................................... 公卫人

6.2 表格入门...........................................................................................................

6.2.1 表格的基本框架............................................................................................................................

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6.2.2 表头、数据区与汇总项................................................................................................................

6.2.3 单元格的数据类型........................................................................................................................ 公卫家园

6.2.4 几种基本表格类型........................................................................................................................

6.3 用Original Tables模块制表................................................................................. 公卫人

6.3.1 功能简介........................................................................................................................................

6.3.2 Basic Tables过程........................................................................................................................... 公卫考场

6.3.3 General Tables过程........................................................................................................................

第七章 数据的报表呈现（下）············································································

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7.1 用Custom Table模块自由制表...........................................................................

7.1.1 操作主界面....................................................................................................................................

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7.1.2 简单分析实例................................................................................................................................

7.1.3 其他选项卡功能............................................................................................................................

7.2 表格的编辑.......................................................................................................

7.2.1　基本编辑操作................................................................................................................................ 公卫百科

7.2.2　主要编辑菜单功能介绍................................................................................................................

7.2.3 表格属性的详细设置.................................................................................................................... 公卫人

7.3 表格高级应用技术.............................................................................................

7.3.1 模板技术........................................................................................................................................ 公卫人

7.3.2 在报告中直接使用SPSS表格......................................................................................................

7.3.3 如何解决表格的中文兼容问题....................................................................................................

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7.3.4 宏技术与OMS系统简介.............................................................................................................

第八章 数据的图形展示（上）············································································ 公卫考场

8.1 统计图概述.......................................................................................................

8.1.1 统计图的基本结构........................................................................................................................

8.1.2 统计图的种类................................................................................................................................

8.1.3 SPSS12的常规统计图功能简介...................................................................................................

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8.1.4 交互式绘图简介............................................................................................................................

8.2 直方图与茎叶图................................................................................................ 公卫论坛

8.2.1 常规图中的直方图........................................................................................................................

8.2.2 直方图的编辑................................................................................................................................

8.2.3 用交互图绘制累积直方图与直方图组........................................................................................

8.2.4 茎叶图............................................................................................................................................ 公卫人

8.3 箱 图..............................................................................................................

8.3.1 常规图中的箱图............................................................................................................................

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8.3.2 箱图的编辑....................................................................................................................................

8.4 饼 图..............................................................................................................

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8.4.1 常规图中的简单饼图....................................................................................................................

8.4.2 饼图的编辑....................................................................................................................................

8.4.3 用交互图绘制复式饼图和散点饼图............................................................................................

8.5 条 图..............................................................................................................

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8.5.1 简单条图........................................................................................................................................

8.5.2 复式条图、分段条图与百分条图的绘制.................................................................................... 公卫考场

8.5.3 条图的编辑....................................................................................................................................

8.5.4 用交互图绘制带误差线的条图.................................................................................................... 公卫百科

第九章 数据的图形展示（下）············································································

9.1 线 图.............................................................................................................. 公卫百科

9.1.1 简单线图........................................................................................................................................

9.1.2 多线图、垂线图与对数线图........................................................................................................

公卫考场

9.1.3 线图的编辑....................................................................................................................................

9.1.4 交互式点图、线图、条带图与垂线图........................................................................................ 公卫家园

9.2 散点图..............................................................................................................

9.2.1 简单散点图....................................................................................................................................

9.2.2 散点图矩阵与重叠散点图............................................................................................................

9.2.3 三维散点图.................................................................................................................................... 公卫家园

9.2.4 散点图的编辑................................................................................................................................

9.3 其它统计图.......................................................................................................

公卫家园

9.3.1 PP图和QQ图...............................................................................................................................

9.3.2 ROC曲线.......................................................................................................................................

9.3.3 面积图............................................................................................................................................

9.3.4 Pareto图.........................................................................................................................................

9.3.5 误差图............................................................................................................................................

9.3.6 控制图............................................................................................................................................

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9.3.7 高低图............................................................................................................................................

9.3.8 时间序列分析中使用的图形........................................................................................................

9.4 交互式统计图的编辑.........................................................................................

9.4.1 编辑界面概述................................................................................................................................

9.4.2 图形管理员....................................................................................................................................

9.4.3 变量的重新分配............................................................................................................................ 公卫百科

9.4.4 Utility工具栏的其他选项............................................................................................................

9.5 SPSS绘图中的注意事项.................................................................................... 公卫百科

9.5.1 汉字兼容性问题的解决................................................................................................................

9.5.2 默认图形格式的更改.................................................................................................................... 公卫人

9.5.3 图形模板的应用............................................................................................................................



第三部分 常用假设检验方法



第十章 分布类型的检验························································································ 公卫论坛

10.1 假设检验的基本思想.......................................................................................

10.1.1 问题的提出..................................................................................................................................

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10.1.2 假设检验的基本思想..................................................................................................................

10.1.3 假设检验的两类错误..................................................................................................................

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10.1.3 假设检验中的其它问题..............................................................................................................

10.2 正态分布检验.................................................................................................. 公卫论坛

10.2.1 K-S检验的原理...........................................................................................................................

10.2.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

10.3 二项分布检验..................................................................................................

10.3.1 二项分布检验的原理.................................................................................................................. 公卫百科

10.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

10.4 游程检验......................................................................................................... 公卫家园

10.4.1 游程检验的原理..........................................................................................................................

10.4.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

10.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................

第十一章 连续变量的统计推断（一）――t检验··············································

公卫论坛

11.1 t检验基础.......................................................................................................

11.2 样本均数与总体均数的比较.............................................................................

11.2.1 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

11.2.2　单样本t检验中的其他问题.......................................................................................................

11.3 成组设计两样本均数的比较.............................................................................

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11.3.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................

11.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

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11.3.3 适用条件与方差齐性检验..........................................................................................................

11.4 配对设计样本均数的比较................................................................................. 公卫论坛

11.4.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................

11.4.2 分析实例...................................................................................................................................... 公卫百科

11.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................

第十二章 连续变量的统计推断（二）――单因素方差分析····························

12.1 方差分析入门.................................................................................................. 公卫人

12.1.1 为什么要进行方差分析..............................................................................................................

12.1.2 方法原理...................................................................................................................................... 公卫考场

12.1.3 单因素方差分析的应用条件......................................................................................................

12.1.4 单因素方差分析的SPSS实现....................................................................................................

12.2 均数间的多重比较...........................................................................................

12.2.1 直接校正检验水准...................................................................................................................... 公卫人

12.2.2 专用的两两比较方法..................................................................................................................

12.2.3 两两比较方法的选择策略.......................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

12.2.4 多重比较结果出现矛盾时的解释..............................................................................................

12.2.5 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

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12.3 各组均数的精细比较.......................................................................................

12.3.1 方法原理...................................................................................................................................... 公卫家园

12.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

12.3.3 事先计划的比较..........................................................................................................................

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12.4 组间均数变化的趋势检验................................................................................

12.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................

第十三章 有序分类变量的统计推断――非参数检验········································

公卫考场

13.1 非参数检验概述................................................................................................

13.1.1 非参数检验的意义........................................................................................................................ 公卫人

13.1.2 非参数检验预备知识....................................................................................................................

13.2 两个配对样本的非参数检验.............................................................................

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13.2.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................

13.2.2 分析实例...................................................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

13.2.3 确切概率的计算..........................................................................................................................

13.3 两个独立样本的非参数检验.............................................................................

13.3.1 Mann-whitney U检验.................................................................................................................

13.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

13.3.3 其他两样本非参数检验方法......................................................................................................

13.4 多个独立样本的非参数检验.............................................................................

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13.4.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................

13.4.2 分析实例...................................................................................................................................... 公卫家园

13.2.3 多个样本的两两比较..................................................................................................................

13.5 多个相关样本的非参数检验.............................................................................

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13.5.1 Friedman检验..............................................................................................................................

13.5.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

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13.5.4 Kendall协和系数检验与Cochran检验......................................................................................

13.6　秩变换分析方法.............................................................................................. 公卫考场

13.6.1　原理简介......................................................................................................................................

13.6.2　应用实例...................................................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

13.7 本章小结.........................................................................................................

第十四章 无序分类变量的统计推断――卡方检验············································ 公卫百科

14.1 卡方检验基础..................................................................................................

14.1.1 卡方检验原理..............................................................................................................................

14.1.2 卡方值的计算与意义..................................................................................................................

14.1.3 卡方分布...................................................................................................................................... 公卫家园

14.2 拟合问题：样本率与已知总体率的比较...........................................................

14.2.1 分析实例...................................................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

14.2.2 检验方法的SPSS实现................................................................................................................

14.2.4 单样本卡方检验的其它话题......................................................................................................

公卫考场

14.3 相关问题：两（多）个率／构成比的比较........................................................

14.3.1 分析实例...................................................................................................................................... 公卫论坛

14.3.2 检验方法的SPSS实现................................................................................................................

14.3.3 多样本卡方检验的其它话题........................................................................................................ 公卫论坛

14.4 两分类变量间关联程度的度量.........................................................................

14.4.1 相对危险度与优势比.................................................................................................................. 公卫论坛

14.4.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

14.5 一致性检验与配对卡方检验............................................................................. 公卫百科

14.5.1 Kappa一致性检验......................................................................................................................

14.5.2 配对卡方检验..............................................................................................................................

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14.6 分层卡方检验..................................................................................................

14.7 本章小结.........................................................................................................

第十五章 相关分析与回归分析············································································

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15.1 相关分析简介..................................................................................................

15.1.1 相关分析的指标体系..................................................................................................................

15.1.2 一些基本概念..............................................................................................................................

15.1.3 SPSS中的相应功能.....................................................................................................................

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15.2 简单相关分析..................................................................................................

15.2.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................

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15.2.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

15.2.3 秩相关系数.................................................................................................................................. 公卫论坛

15.2.4 Kendall's等级相关系数...............................................................................................................

15.3 偏相关分析.....................................................................................................

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15.3.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................

15.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

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15.4 Distance过程...................................................................................................

15.4.1 距离测量与相似性测量的指标体系..........................................................................................

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15.4.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

15.5 简单回归分析.................................................................................................. 公卫考场

15.5.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................

15.5.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................

15.5.3 相关与回归分析的联系和区别..................................................................................................

15.6 本章小结......................................................................................................... 公卫百科



附录1 SPSS 13版新增功能介绍
附录2 SPSS函数一览表.........................................................................................

附录3 各种情形下最常用统计检验方法索引............................................................

附录4 统计术语英汉名词对照表.............................................................................

公卫家园