指示性混杂
Confounding by Indication(指示性混杂)Confounding by indication is a special type of confounding that can occur in observational (nonexperimental) pharmacolepidemiologic studies of the effects and side effects of drugs. This type of confounding arises from the fact that individuals who are prescribed a medication or who take a given medication are inherently different from those who do not take the drug, because they are taking the drug for a reason. In medical terminology, such individuals have an "indication" for use of the drug. Even if the study population consists of subjects with the same disease, e.g., osteoarthritis, they may differ in the severity of their disease and may therefore differ in the need for medication.