SPSS统计分析高级教程
SPSS统计分析高级教程
ISBN：7-04-015864-7
主 编：张文彤（复旦大学）
副主编：董伟（博塔（中国）有限公司）
出版社：高等教育出版社
出版日期：2004年9月 第1版
定价：36元
目录：
第一部分 一般线性与混合线性模型
第一章 方差分析模型
1.1 模型简介
1.1.1 模型入门.
1.1.2 常用术语........................................................................................................................................
1.1.3 方差分析模型的适用条件............................................................................................................
1.2 简单分析实例....................................................................................................
1.2.1 模型表达式....................................................................................................................................
1.2.2 初步分析结果................................................................................................................................
1.2.3 模型参数的估计值........................................................................................................................
1.2.4 两两比较........................................................................................................................................
1.2.5 其他常用选项................................................................................................................................
1.3 两因素方差分析模型.........................................................................................
1.3.1 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
1.3.2 边际均数与轮廓图........................................................................................................................
1.3.3 拟和劣度检验................................................................................................................................
1.4 因素各水平间的精细比较..................................................................................
1.4.1 POSTHOC子句.............................................................................................................................
1.4.2 EMMEANS子句...........................................................................................................................
1.4.3 LMATRIX和KMATRIX子句...................................................................................................
1.4.4 CONSTRAST子句........................................................................................................................
1.5 随机因素的方差分析模型..................................................................................
1.6 其它问题...........................................................................................................
1.6.1 自定义效应检验使用的误差项....................................................................................................
1.6.2 四类方差分解方法........................................................................................................................
第二章 常用实验设计分析方法············································································
2.1 仅研究主效应的实验设计方案...........................................................................
2.1.1 完全随机设计（Completely Random Design）...........................................................................
2.1.2 配伍组设计（Randomized Block Design）..................................................................................
2.1.3 交叉设计（Cross-over Design）...................................................................................................
2.1.4 拉丁方设计（Latin Square Design）............................................................................................
2.2 考虑交互作用的实验设计方案...........................................................................
2.2.1 析因设计（Factorial Design）......................................................................................................
2.2.2 正交设计（Orthogonal Design）..................................................................................................
2.2.3 均匀设计（Uniform Design）.......................................................................................................
2.3 误差项变动的特殊实验设计方案........................................................................
2.3.1 嵌套设计（Nested Design）.........................................................................................................
2.3.2 重复测量设计（Repeated Measure Design）..............................................................................
2.3.3 裂区设计（Split-plot Design）.....................................................................................................
2.4 协方差分析(Analysis of Covariance)....................................................................
2.4.1 协方差分析的必要性....................................................................................................................
2.4.2 平行性假定的检验........................................................................................................................
2.4.3 计算和检验修正均数....................................................................................................................
第三章 多元方差分析与重复测量方差分析························································
3.1 多元方差分析....................................................................................................
3.1.1 模型简介........................................................................................................................................
3.2.2 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
3.3.3 检验统计量的计算........................................................................................................................
3.3.4 对引例的进一步分析....................................................................................................................
3.2 重复测量资料的方差分析..................................................................................
3.2.1 模型简介........................................................................................................................................
3.2.2 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
第四章 混合线性模型入门····················································································
4.1 模型简介...........................................................................................................
4.1.1 问题的提出....................................................................................................................................
4.1.2 模型入门........................................................................................................................................
4.2 层次聚集性数据分析实例..................................................................................
4.1.1 拟合混合线性模型的基本结构....................................................................................................
4.1.2 在固定效应中加入自变量............................................................................................................
4.1.3 在随机效应中加入自变量............................................................................................................
4.1.4 更多解释变量的引入....................................................................................................................
4.1.5 其他常用选项................................................................................................................................
4.3 重复测量数据分析实例......................................................................................
4.3.1 对数据的初步分析........................................................................................................................
4.3.2 拟合混合线性模型的基本结构....................................................................................................
4.3.3 考虑重复测量间的相关性............................................................................................................
4.3.4 更改对测量间相关性的假定........................................................................................................
4.3.5 模型中可用的相关阵种类............................................................................................................
4.4 本章方法小结....................................................................................................
4.4.1 混合效应模型的用途....................................................................................................................
4.4.2 混合效应模型与一般线性模型的联系........................................................................................
第二部分 回归模型
第五章 多重线性回归模型····················································································
5.1 模型简介...........................................................................................................
5.2 简单分析实例....................................................................................................
5.2.1 对数据的初步分析........................................................................................................................
5.2.2 回归模型的假设检验....................................................................................................................
5.2.3 偏回归系数的假设检验................................................................................................................
5.2.4 标准化偏回归系数........................................................................................................................
5.2.5 衡量多元线性回归模型优劣的标准............................................................................................
5.3 回归预测与残差分析.........................................................................................
5.3.1 回归预测与区间估计....................................................................................................................
5.3.2 残差分析与模型适用条件的检验................................................................................................
5.4 逐步回归...........................................................................................................
5.4.1 筛选自变量的基本原则................................................................................................................
5.4.2 常用的逐步回归方法....................................................................................................................
5.4.3 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
5.5 模型的进一步诊断与修正..................................................................................
5.5.1 强影响点的识别与处理................................................................................................................
5.5.2 多重共线性的识别与处理............................................................................................................
5.6 本章方法小结....................................................................................................
5.6.1 回归模型的建立步骤....................................................................................................................
5.6.2 多重线性回归模型结果解释时应注意的问题............................................................................
第六章 线性回归的衍生模型················································································
6.1 非直线趋势的处理：曲线直线化........................................................................
6.1.1 方法简介........................................................................................................................................
6.1.2 使用Linear过程进行分析............................................................................................................
6.1.3 使用曲线拟合过程分析................................................................................................................
6.2 方差不齐的处理：加权最小二乘法....................................................................
6.2.1 方法简介........................................................................................................................................
6.2.2 使用Linear过程进行分析............................................................................................................
6.2.3 使用WLS过程分析......................................................................................................................
6.3 共线性的处理：岭回归......................................................................................
6.3.1 方法简介........................................................................................................................................
6.3.2 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
6.4 分类变量的数值化：最优尺度回归....................................................................
6.4.1 方法简介........................................................................................................................................
6.4.2 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
6.4.3 最优尺度方法的应用注意事项....................................................................................................
第七章 路径分析入门····························································································
7.1 两阶段最小二乘法.............................................................................................
7.1.1 模型简介........................................................................................................................................
7.1.2 使用Linear过程进行分析............................................................................................................
7.1.3 使用2SLS过程进行分析..............................................................................................................
7.2 路径分析入门....................................................................................................
7.2.1 模型简介........................................................................................................................................
7.2.2 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
第八章 非线性回归模型························································································
8.1 模型简介...........................................................................................................
8.1.1 问题的提出....................................................................................................................................
8.1.2 模型入门........................................................................................................................................
8.2 简单分析实例....................................................................................................
8.2.1 软件操作与界面说明....................................................................................................................
8.2.2 基本分析结果................................................................................................................................
8.2.3 模型的进一步分析........................................................................................................................
8.3 自定义损失函数：最小一乘法实例....................................................................
8.3.1 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
8.3.3 结果解释........................................................................................................................................
8.4 分段回归模型的拟合.........................................................................................
8.4.1 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
8.4.2 结果解释........................................................................................................................................
8.4.3 模型的进一步分析........................................................................................................................
8.5 其他需要注意的问题.........................................................................................
8.5.1 参数初始值的设定........................................................................................................................
8.5.2 模型的拟合方法............................................................................................................................
第九章 二分类logistic回归模型············································································
9.1 模型简介...........................................................................................................
9.1.1 模型入门........................................................................................................................................
9.1.2 一些基本概念................................................................................................................................
9.2 简单分析实例....................................................................................................
9.3 分类自变量的定义与比较方法...........................................................................
9.3.1 使用哑变量的必要性....................................................................................................................
9.3.2 SPSS中预设的哑变量编码方式...................................................................................................
9.3.3 设置哑变量时要注意的问题........................................................................................................
9.4 自变量的筛选方法与逐步回归...........................................................................
9.4.1 模型中的假设检验方法................................................................................................................
9.4.2 自变量的筛选方法........................................................................................................................
9.4.3 分析实例........................................................................................................................................
9.5 模型拟合效果与拟合优度检验...........................................................................
9.5.1 模型效果的判断指标....................................................................................................................
9.5.2 拟合优度检验................................................................................................................................
9.6 模型的诊断与修正.............................................................................................
9.6.1 残差分析........................................................................................................................................
9.6.2 多重共线性的识别及其对回归系数的影响及处理办法............................................................
第十章 多分类、配对logistic回归与probit回归·················································
10.1 有序多分类logistic回归模型............................................................................
10.1.1 模型简介......................................................................................................................................
10.1.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
10.1.3 模型适用条件的检验..................................................................................................................
10.2 无序多分类logistic回归模型............................................................................
10.2.1 模型简介......................................................................................................................................
10.2.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
10.3 1:1配对logistic回归........................................................................................
10.3.1 模型简介......................................................................................................................................
10.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
10.4 probit回归模型................................................................................................
10.4.1 模型简介......................................................................................................................................
10.4.2 实例一：与logistic模型比较.....................................................................................................
10.4.3 实例二：计算LD50....................................................................................................................
第三部分 多元统计分析方法
第十一章 主成分分析与因子分析········································································
11.1 主成分分析......................................................................................................
11.1.1 模型入门......................................................................................................................................
11.1.2 简单分析实例..............................................................................................................................
11.1.3 对主成分分析的进一步说明......................................................................................................
11.2 因子分析.........................................................................................................
11.2.1 模型入门......................................................................................................................................
11.2.4 简单分析实例..............................................................................................................................
11.3 因子分析的进一步讨论....................................................................................
11.3.1 不同的因子分析法......................................................................................................................
11.3.2 相关阵和协方差..........................................................................................................................
11.3.3 确定公因子数量..........................................................................................................................
11.4 因子分析综合案例...........................................................................................
11.5 主成分分析和因子分析的比较..........................................................................
第十二章 聚类分析································································································
12.1 模型简介.........................................................................................................
12.1.1 问题的提出..................................................................................................................................
12.1.2 聚类分析入门..............................................................................................................................
12.1.3 聚类分析的方法体系..................................................................................................................
12.2 层次聚类法.....................................................................................................
12.2.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
12.2.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
12.2.3 对层次聚类法的进一步讨论......................................................................................................
12.3 K-均值聚类法..................................................................................................
12.3.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
12.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
12.4 两步聚类法简介..............................................................................................
12.4.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
12.4.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
12.5 本章方法小结..................................................................................................
第十三章 判别分析································································································
13.1 模型简介.........................................................................................................
13.1.1 典型判别分析的基本原理..........................................................................................................
13.1.2 判别分析的适用条件和违背条件时的处理方法......................................................................
13.1.3 判别效果的评价..........................................................................................................................
13.1.4 判别分析的一般步骤..................................................................................................................
13.2 简单分析实例..................................................................................................
13.2.1 软件操作与界面说明..................................................................................................................
13.2.2 基本分析结果..............................................................................................................................
13.2.3 判别结果的图形化展示..............................................................................................................
13.2.4 判别效果的验证..........................................................................................................................
13.2.5 适用条件的判断方法..................................................................................................................
13.3 贝叶斯判别分析..............................................................................................
13.3.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
13.3.2 软件实现......................................................................................................................................
13.4 对判别分析的进一步讨论................................................................................
13.4.1 逐步判别分析..............................................................................................................................
13.4.2 判别分析和因子分析的相似性和差异......................................................................................
13.4.3 二类判别和多重回归的等价性..................................................................................................
第十四章 典型相关分析························································································
14.1 方法介绍.........................................................................................................
14.1.1 典型相关分析的基本思想..........................................................................................................
14.2.1 典型相关分析的数学描述..........................................................................................................
14.2 分析实例.........................................................................................................
14.2.1 两组变量间的相关系数..............................................................................................................
14.2.2 典型相关系数及显著性检验......................................................................................................
11.2.3 典型变量的系数..........................................................................................................................
14.2.4 典型结构分析..............................................................................................................................
14.2.5 典型冗余分析..............................................................................................................................
14.3 本章方法小结..................................................................................................
14.3.1 典型相关分析的应用..................................................................................................................
14.3.2 典型相关分析和因子分析..........................................................................................................
第十五章 对应分析································································································ （样章下载）
15.1 模型简介.........................................................................................................
15.1.1 问题的提出..................................................................................................................................
15.1.2 模型入门......................................................................................................................................
15.1.3 SPSS中的相应功能.....................................................................................................................
15.2 简单分析实例..................................................................................................
15.2.1 对数据的初步分析......................................................................................................................
15.2.2 正式分析......................................................................................................................................
15.2.3 对引例的进一步分析..................................................................................................................
15.3 基于均数的对应分析.......................................................................................
15.3.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
15.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
15.4 多重对应分析..................................................................................................
15.4.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
15.4.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
15.5 对应分析中的其它问题....................................................................................
15.5.1 对应分析结果的正确解释..........................................................................................................
15.5.2 罕见类别和相似类别的处理......................................................................................................
15.5.3 有序类别的处理..........................................................................................................................
15.6 本章方法小结..................................................................................................
15.6.1 对应分析与其它分析方法的关系..............................................................................................
15.6.2 对应分析的优势与劣势..............................................................................................................
第十六章 多维尺度分析························································································
16.1 古典MDS模型................................................................................................
16.1.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
16.1.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
16.1.3 距离的计算方式..........................................................................................................................
16.2 非度量MDS模型............................................................................................
16.2.1 数据测量尺度的设定..................................................................................................................
16.2.2 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
16.2.3 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
16.3 考虑个体差异的MDS模型..............................................................................
16.3.1 方法原理......................................................................................................................................
16.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
16.3.3 空间定位图的含义解释..............................................................................................................
16.4 基于最优尺度变换的MDS模型.......................................................................
16.4.1 方法简介......................................................................................................................................
16.4.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
16.5 本章方法小结..................................................................................................
第四部分 其他统计分析方法
第十七章 对数线性模型与Poisson回归······························································
17.1 对数线性模型简介...........................................................................................
17.1.1 问题的提出..................................................................................................................................
17.1.2 模型入门......................................................................................................................................
17.1.3 SPSS的相应功能.........................................................................................................................
17.2 一般对数线性模型分析实例.............................................................................
17.2.1 对数据的初步分析......................................................................................................................
17.2.2 正式分析......................................................................................................................................
17.2.3 对引例的进一步分析..................................................................................................................
17.3 因果关系明确时的对数线性模型......................................................................
17.4 对数线性模型的选择.......................................................................................
17.4.1 模型的选择策略..........................................................................................................................
17.4.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
17.5 对数线性模型与其它模型的关系......................................................................
17.5.1 对数线性模型与方差分析模型的关系......................................................................................
17.5.2 对数线性模型与Logistic回归的关系........................................................................................
17.6 Poisson回归模型.............................................................................................
17.6.1 模型简介......................................................................................................................................
17.6.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
第十八章 信度分析································································································
18.1 信度理论入门..................................................................................................
18.1.1 真分数测量理论..........................................................................................................................
18.1.2 信度与效度..................................................................................................................................
18.1.3 内在信度与外在信度..................................................................................................................
18.1.4 信度的判断标准..........................................................................................................................
18.2 简单分析实例..................................................................................................
18.2.1 Alpha信度系数...........................................................................................................................
18.2.2 对各题目的深入分析..................................................................................................................
18.2.3 对真分数理论假设的考察..........................................................................................................
18.3 其余常用的信度系数.......................................................................................
18.3.1 重测信度......................................................................................................................................
18.3.2 折半信度......................................................................................................................................
18.3.3 Guttman系数...............................................................................................................................
18.3.4 平行模型的信度系数..................................................................................................................
18.3.5 严格平行模型的信度系数..........................................................................................................
18.3.6 评分者信度..................................................................................................................................
18.3.7 信度系数总结..............................................................................................................................
18.4 信度理论进阶..................................................................................................
18.4.1 真分数测量理论的缺限..............................................................................................................
18.4.2 概化理论入门..............................................................................................................................
18.4.3 SPSS中相应的分析功能.............................................................................................................
第十九章 生存分析································································································
19.1 生存分析简介..................................................................................................
19.1.1 生存分析简史..............................................................................................................................
19.1.2 生存分析中的基本概念..............................................................................................................
19.1.3 生存分析的基本步骤..................................................................................................................
19.1.4 SPSS与生存分析.........................................................................................................................
19.2 生存函数的估计和检验....................................................................................
19.2.1 生存函数的基本估计方法..........................................................................................................
19.2.2 Kaplan-Meier法...........................................................................................................................
19.2.3 寿命表法......................................................................................................................................
19.2.4 Kaplan-Meier法和寿命表法比较...............................................................................................
19.3 Cox回归模型..................................................................................................
19.3.1 Cox模型入门...............................................................................................................................
19.3.2 分析实例......................................................................................................................................
19.3.3 比例风险性的图形验证..............................................................................................................
19.4 含时间依存性变量的Cox模型.........................................................................
19.4.1 时依协变量的种类......................................................................................................................
19.4.2 用时依模型验证比例风险性......................................................................................................
19.4.3 用时依模型评价处理因素的影响..............................................................................................
19.4.4 用时依模型评价重复测量因子的影响......................................................................................
19.5 关于Cox模型的一些高级话题.........................................................................
19.5.1 生存分析中的分层变量..............................................................................................................
19.5.2 用Cox回归过程拟合配伍Logistic回归...................................................................................
19.5.3 竞争风险的Cox模型..................................................................................................................
第二十章 缺失值分析入门····················································································
20.1 缺失值理论简介..............................................................................................
20.1.1 数据的缺失机制..........................................................................................................................
20.1.2 SPSS中对缺失值的处理方法.....................................................................................................
20.2 对缺失情况的基本分析....................................................................................
20.2.1 缺失值数据的生成......................................................................................................................
20.2.2 对缺失模式的分析......................................................................................................................
20.2.3 缺失情况的统计描述..................................................................................................................
20.3 缺失值填充技术..............................................................................................
20.3.1 列表输出......................................................................................................................................
20.3.2 使用回归算法进行填充..............................................................................................................
20.3.3 使用EM算法进行填充..............................................................................................................
20.3.4 多重填充技术简介......................................................................................................................
附录 常见多变量/多元统计分析方法分类图.............................................................
